{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T18:18:01Z","timestamp":1788027481286,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an extra\u2010nasal manifestation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This scoping review characterizes the primary evidence on cognition in adult CRS, covering measures, treatment response, and incident dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched EMBASE, PubMed\/MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Global Index Medicus through May 2026 using a MeSH and free\u2010text strategy. Inclusion criteria include primary studies of adult CRS with a formal clinical diagnosis (AAO\u2010HNS, EPOS or ICD\u2010coded) reporting at least one validated cognitive measure or recognized cognitive impairment. Two reviewers screened independently. Animal studies, reviews, conference abstracts, and non\u2010CRS populations were excluded. PRISMA\u2010ScR reporting was performed; heterogeneity precluded meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010four primary studies met inclusion criteria. Adults with CRS perform worse than controls on subjective (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire [CFQ], Neuro\u2010QoL) and objective (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics [ANAM], eye movement assessment, P300) cognitive instruments. Deficits correlate with disease\u2010specific QoL severity (SNOT\u201022, Rhinosinusitis Disability Index [RSDI]). Cognitive measures improve after medical therapy or endoscopic sinus surgery. Two resting\u2010state fMRI analyses identified altered orbitofrontal\u2010precuneus connectivity scaling with sinonasal inflammation. Dementia results are mixed: a UK Biobank analysis (7176 CRS cases among 364,945 participants) reported increased Alzheimer disease risk (HR 1.33), while two Korean cohorts and a 2025 meta\u2010analysis found no association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with CRS show measurable cognitive dysfunction that may improve with treatment, with a plausible neuroinflammatory pathophysiology. Whether this translates to incident dementia is contested. Outcome heterogeneity limits synthesis; therefore, development of a CRS\u2010specific cognitive measurement set is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:35:45Z","timestamp":1788024945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7682-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke M.","family":"O'Neil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4685-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannan A","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Geisinger Medical Center  Danville Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Cvancara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashton E.","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Connecticut  Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aria","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221082538"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882\u2010017\u20100690\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_307_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1131114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin25.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18\u20100850"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815572097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.600"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims\u201024\u20101680"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1609790"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14111081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108260.1982.tb01421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21578"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2018.8.e27"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010023\u201007853\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23320"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571\u2010018\u20109482\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.0204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15060249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21776"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4290"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2014.35.3774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28879"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415576181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010013\u20102626\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.48.2.a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1777862"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.07.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882\u2010025\u201001236\u20103"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; 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