{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:11:15Z","timestamp":1789081875784,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optimizing access to cost\u2010effective care in capacity\u2010constrained health systems is a contemporary imperative. We evaluated whether machine learning (ML) models using patient\u2010reported data could optimize access for patients requiring surgical care in rhinology clinics, without need for CT imaging. The outcome was defined as any rhinologic surgery within 90 days of initial evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A de\u2010identified electronic dataset from patients seen at five distinct sites within an integrated healthcare system between 2018 and 2025 was used to train models. Demographic data and 22\u2010item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022) responses were studied. Models were trained using stratified 5\u2010fold cross\u2010validation with an 80% development cohort and validated in a 20% held\u2010out validation cohort. Hyperparameters were optimized with Optuna. The primary outcome was performance of any rhinologic surgical intervention within 90 days of initial SNOT\u201022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 35,170 patients were evaluated. Item\u2010level responses outperformed use of total SNOT\u201022 score in the models. Among models, XGBoost demonstrated best discrimination with AUC of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.69\u20130.71), outperforming logistic regression (0.66), random forest (0.63), and TabNet (0.66) (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). At optimal threshold, XGBoost achieved 66% sensitivity, 64% specificity, 28% PPV, and 90% NPV. Top predictors for surgery were age, nasal blockage, facial pain or pressure, and decreased sense of smell or taste. Validation on the held\u2010out cohort remained stable (AUC 0.70), with strong discrimination across sites despite surgical rates ranging from 11.5% to 27.4%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographics and item\u2010level SNOT\u201022 responses were successful in developing an ML model that demonstrated moderate discrimination and high NPV (90%) for performance of surgery within next 90 days. ML models balanced with human oversight may accelerate triage and optimize surgical yield for rhinology clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:51:01Z","timestamp":1789080661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prediction of Rhinologic Surgery Within 90 Days Using Item\u2010Level SNOT\u201022 Responses: A Multisite Machine Learning Study of 35,170 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1645-2482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sramek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9923-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrinath","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert and Patricia Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar","family":"Miglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devyani","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.752","article-title":"Insurance Status and Access to Otolaryngology Care: National Mystery Caller Study in the United States","volume":"171","author":"Corbisiero M. F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211017486","article-title":"Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Prior to Otolaryngology Referral: An Opportunity for Quality Improvement","volume":"166","author":"Jang D. W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924221075887","article-title":"A Geospatial Analysis of the Rhinologist Workforce in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Hassanin S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419834947","article-title":"Health Care Disparities in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Differences in Disease Presentation and Access to Care","volume":"128","author":"Duerson W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894241230365","article-title":"Characterizing Trends in Diagnosis and Management of Sinusitis in a Large Health Care System: From Primary Care to Otolaryngology","volume":"133","author":"Hornung C. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"108","author":"Keating M. K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2025.09.006","article-title":"Differential Diagnoses Associated With Chronic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"46","author":"Mosnaim G.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.012","article-title":"Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measures for Adult Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment","volume":"136","author":"Rudmik L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.026","article-title":"The Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE Guidelines for the Medical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis","volume":"151","author":"Rank M. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29766","article-title":"Development of Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022) Domains in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps","volume":"132","author":"Khan A. H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25108","article-title":"Using Preoperative SNOT\u201022 Score to Inform Patient Decision for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery","volume":"125","author":"Rudmik L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25318","article-title":"The Predictive Value of the Preoperative Sinonasal Outcome Test\u201022 Score in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"125","author":"Hopkins C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1800215","article-title":"Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps","volume":"381","author":"Hopkins C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489421998213","article-title":"The Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022) Is a Poor Diagnostic Tool for Chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"130","author":"Yim M. T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08385-z","article-title":"Postinfectious Conditions Challenge Disease\u2010Specificity of SNOT\u201022","volume":"281","author":"Hildebrandt M. E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07701-3","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in Rhinology: A Systematic Review","volume":"280","author":"Bulfamante A. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2025.3911","article-title":"Deep Learning in Otolaryngology: A Narrative Review","volume":"152","author":"Novi S. L.","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221110076","article-title":"The Evolution and Application of Artificial Intelligence in Rhinology: A State of the Art Review","volume":"169","author":"Amanian A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27850","article-title":"A Contemporary Review of Machine Learning in Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"130","author":"Crowson M. G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924231162437","article-title":"A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence Research in Rhinology","volume":"37","author":"Osie G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1080"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","article-title":"Diagnostic Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"96","author":"Loperfido A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomedica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin25.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70068"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924251322081","article-title":"Using Machine Learning Models to Diagnose Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Analysis of Pre\u2010Treatment Patient\u2010Generated Health Data to Predict Cardinal Symptoms and Sinonasal Inflammation","volume":"39","author":"Raghavan A. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9890","article-title":"A Prediction Modeling Based on SNOT\u201022 Score for Endoscopic Nasal Septoplasty: A Retrospective Study","volume":"8","author":"Kang X. R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267146","article-title":"Using Machine Learning for the Personalised Prediction of Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery","volume":"17","author":"Nuutinen M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22257","article-title":"Wait Times for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Influence Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measures in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis Who Fulfill Appropriateness Criteria","volume":"9","author":"Yip J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216241248541","article-title":"Timing of Surgery and Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Narrative Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Bell C. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal Otolaryngolog\u2013Head Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0046-9","article-title":"Untapped Potential of Multicenter Studies: A Review of Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models Revealed Inappropriate Analyses and Wide Variation in Reporting","volume":"3","author":"Wynants L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","article-title":"Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): The TRIPOD Statement","volume":"350","author":"Collins G. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.03.003","article-title":"Evolution in the Surgical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Current Indications and Pitfalls","volume":"141","author":"Kohanski M. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27227","article-title":"Appropriateness Criteria Predict Outcomes for Sinus Surgery and May Aid in Future Patient Selection","volume":"128","author":"Beswick D. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1286","article-title":"Executive Summary of the Clinical Practice Guideline on the Surgical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"172","author":"Shin J. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16489","article-title":"How to Read Articles That Use Machine Learning: Users' Guides to the Medical Literature","volume":"322","author":"Liu Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08512-4","article-title":"An Introduction to Machine Learning and Generative Artificial Intelligence for Otolaryngologists\u2013Head and Neck Surgeons: A Narrative Review","volume":"281","author":"Alter I. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.12126","article-title":"Discrimination and Calibration of Clinical Prediction Models: Users' Guides to the Medical Literature","volume":"318","author":"Alba A. C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0064-7","article-title":"A Simple, Step\u2010by\u2010Step Guide to Interpreting Decision Curve Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Vickers A. J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.02.024","article-title":"Decision Curve Analysis to Evaluate the Clinical Benefit of Prediction Models","volume":"21","author":"Vickers A. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989570152-4","article-title":"The Health Impact of Chronic Sinusitis in Patients Seeking Otolaryngologic Care","volume":"113","author":"Gliklich R. E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22404","article-title":"Advanced Age Adversely Affects Chronic Rhinosinusitis Surgical Outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Yancey K. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22444","article-title":"Impact of Age on Outcomes Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis","volume":"9","author":"Crosby D. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211059732","article-title":"Depression and Anxiety: Considerations for Interpretation of the SNOT\u201022 (22\u2010Item Sinonasal Outcome Test)","volume":"166","author":"Phillips K. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3355a","article-title":"Contemporary Assessment of the Disease Burden of Sinusitis","volume":"23","author":"Bhattacharyya N.","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221102810","article-title":"Sex Differences in Presentation and Surgical Outcomes From a Prospective Multicenter Chronic Rhinosinusitis Study","volume":"168","author":"Asokan A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01801-8","article-title":"Methodological Guidance for the Evaluation and Updating of Clinical Prediction Models: A Systematic Review","volume":"22","author":"Binuya M. A. E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz228","article-title":"A Tutorial on Calibration Measurements and Calibration Models for Clinical Prediction Models","volume":"27","author":"Huang Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1466-7","article-title":"Calibration: The Achilles Heel of Predictive Analytics","volume":"17","author":"Van Calster B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.03.030","article-title":"Developing and Validating Clinical Prediction Models in Hepatology: An Overview for Clinicians","volume":"81","author":"Strandberg R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.2912","article-title":"Tailoring Risk Prediction Models to Local Populations","volume":"9","author":"Zinzuwadia A. N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.11.024","article-title":"GRADE Concept Paper 2: Concepts for Judging Certainty on the Calibration of Prognostic Models in a Body of Validation Studies","volume":"143","author":"Foroutan F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01693-0","article-title":"Scoping Review of Deep Learning Research Illuminates Artificial Intelligence Chasm in Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"8","author":"Liu G. S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu207","article-title":"Towards Better Clinical Prediction Models: Seven Steps for Development and an ABCD for Validation","volume":"35","author":"Steyerberg E. W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/36388","article-title":"Evaluation and Mitigation of Racial Bias in Clinical Machine Learning Models: Scoping Review","volume":"10","author":"Huang J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Medical Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2023.2218089","article-title":"Prognostic Factors for Post\u2010Operative Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Cai S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Review of Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27267","article-title":"Prediction Models for Postoperative Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Daily Practice","volume":"128","author":"Tao X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.70273","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alr.70273","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alr.70273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:51:07Z","timestamp":1789080667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alr.70273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alr.70273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.70273","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6976","2042-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6976","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"alr.70273"}}