{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:52:55Z","timestamp":1791604375021,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory syndrome of the paranasal sinuses that is defined phenotypically as either with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). More recently, inflammatory markers have been used to cluster patients into putative endotypes that are presumed to have a common underlying etiology. Obesity is known to create a proinflammatory state in similar chronic inflammatory conditions such as asthma. However, the potential impact of obesity in CRS has not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples were collected from 512 patients with CRS (235 CRSsNP, 277 CRSwNP) and 100 control patients undergoing surgery in a prospective longitudinal study. Mucus inflammatory cytokines were measured using a multiplex cytometric bead assay targeting IL\u20101a, IL\u20101b, IL\u20102, IL\u20103, IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20106, IL\u20107, IL\u20108, IL\u20109, IL\u201010, IL\u201011, IL\u201012, IL\u201013, IL\u201017, IL\u201018, IL\u201021, TNF\u2010\u237a, IFN\u2010\ud835\udefe, eotaxin, RANTES, and GM\u2010CSF. Cytokine levels were then compared between obese and non\u2010obese patients using categorical and continuous measures of BMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In patients with CRSwNP, there were significant elevations in multiple pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines. Levels of IL\u20102 (185\u00a0pg\/mL vs. 39\u00a0pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02), IL\u20104 (17.7\u00a0pg\/mL vs. 6.3\u00a0pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04), TNF\u2010\u237a (58\u00a0pg\/mL vs. 45\u00a0pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04), IFN\u2010\u0263 (18.5\u00a0pg\/mL vs. 17.3\u00a0pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.009), and GM\u2010CSF (8.5\u00a0pg\/mL vs. 2.5\u00a0pg\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007) were elevated in obese CRSwNP patients. Continuous regression analysis did not confirm these results, potentially due to non\u2010linear effects of obesity on sinonasal inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obese CRSwNP patients have elevations in Type 1 and 2 cytokines compared to non\u2010obese patients, potentially indicative of a pro\u2010inflammatory bias in the sinonasal mucosa of obese patients. As such, there may be a role for weight loss and medical weight management in the treatment of CRSwNP, although further research is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.70284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:22:26Z","timestamp":1791602546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Mucosal Inflammatory Endotype of Obesity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffanie W.","family":"Gayoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Ching","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanhu","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lofgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mason","family":"Krysinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh K.","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin H.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naweed","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee 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