{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:37:08Z","timestamp":1792593428181,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56AG062165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AG062165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AG049102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG049102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AG056602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AG056602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AG049663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AG049663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited research on difficulties with activities of daily living (I\/ADLs) among older adults living alone with cognitive impairment, including differences by race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000\u20132014) participants aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment (4,666 individuals; 9,091 observations), we evaluated I\/ADL difficulty and help.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 4.3 million adults aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment, an estimated 46% reported an I\/ADL difficulty; 72% reported not receiving help with an I\/ADL. Women reported more difficulty than men. Compared to white women, black women were 22% more likely to report a difficulty without help, and Latina women were 36% more likely to report a difficulty with help. Among men, racial\/ethnic differences in outcomes were not significant. Patterns of difficulty without help by race\/ethnicity were similar among Medicaid beneficiaries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings call for targeted efforts to support older adults living alone with cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T03:32:27Z","timestamp":1593228747000},"page":"1125-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Difficulty and help with activities of daily living among older adults living alone with cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willa D.","family":"Brenowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Portacolone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health &amp; Aging University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken E.","family":"Covinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bindman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Maria","family":"Glymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860220142486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161021000013X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000230661.32735.c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607869956406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/25.3.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301207084367","article-title":"Alone and confused: community\u2010residing older African Americans with dementia","volume":"6","author":"Edwards D MJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/34.1.8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317516673154","article-title":"Living alone with cognitive impairment","volume":"32","author":"Gibson AK","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.048744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care","author":"Smedley BD","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/48.5.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbv074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"ColelloKJ.Medicaid financial eligibility for long term services and supports. 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