{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:28:59Z","timestamp":1789424939324,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lifetime exposure to occupational complexity is linked to late\u2010life cognition, and may affect benefits of preventive interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 2\u2010year multidomain Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), we investigated, through post hoc analyses (N\u00a0=\u00a01026), the association of occupational complexity with cognition. Occupational complexity with data, people, and substantive complexity were classified through the Dictionary of Occupational Titles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of occupational complexity were associated with better baseline cognition. Measures of occupational complexity had no association with intervention effects on cognition, except for occupational complexity with data, which was associated with the degree of intervention\u2010related gains for executive function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In older adults at increased risk for dementia, higher occupational complexity is associated with better cognition. The cognitive benefit of the FINGER intervention did not vary significantly among participants with different levels of occupational complexity. These exploratory findings require further testing in larger studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:19:49Z","timestamp":1644452389000},"page":"2438-2447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Occupational complexity and cognition in the FINGER multidomain intervention trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Rydstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Aging Research Center Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Darin\u2010Mattsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingemar","family":"K\u00e5reholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Aging Research Center Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology School of Health and Welfare Aging Research Network \u2013 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping (ARN\u2010J) J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University  J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiia","family":"Ngandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Public Health Promotion Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Lehtisalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Public Health Promotion Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Antikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research\/Geriatrics University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and Oulu City Hospital  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"B\u00e4ckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomo","family":"H\u00e4nninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocenter\/Neurology Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Laatikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Public Health Promotion Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Hospital District of North Karelia  Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esko","family":"Lev\u00e4lahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Public Health Promotion Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Public Health Promotion Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Paajanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Work Ability and Working Careers Finnish Institute of Occupational Health  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satu","family":"Havulinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Welfare; Ageing, Disability and Functioning Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Public Health Promotion Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shireen","family":"Sindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilkka","family":"Soininen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Neurocenter\/Neurology Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Stigsdotter","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Psychological Sciences Karlstad University  Karlstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Strandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research\/Geriatrics University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"University of Helsinki, Clinicum, and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Tuomilehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Public Health Promotion Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital  Sein\u00e4joki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Group King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miia","family":"Kivipelto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit School of Public Health Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Theme Aging Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mangialasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Aging Research Center Center for Alzheimer Research Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0070-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182900b2b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.5.P251"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Childhood school performance, education and occupational complexity: a life\u2010course study of dementia in the Kungsholmen Project","volume":"45","author":"Dekhtyar S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318190b691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acv041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60461-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110909345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70537-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Early detection of cognitive changes in memory diseases: new cut\u2010off scores for the Finnish version of CERAD neuropsychological battery","volume":"126","author":"H\u00e4nninen T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Duodecim; l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellinen aikakauskirja"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517001982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Working group appointed by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and the Finnish Hypertension Society.Hypertension: current care summary.Helsinki:The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim;2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"Working group appointed by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and the Medical Advisory Board of the Finnish Diabetes Society.Diabetes: current care summary.Helsinki:The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim;2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Working group set up by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and Finnish Society of Internal Medicine.Dyslipidaemias: current care summary.Helsinki:The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim;2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.9.1323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"DOT scales for the 1970 Census classification","author":"Roos PA","year":"1980","journal-title":"Work Jobs Occup Crit Rev Occup"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/145107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315580120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.5.P251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr077003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.19.4.520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264307300171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000475559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811537116"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"1803","article-title":"Associations of job demands and intelligence with cognitive performance among men in late life","volume":"70","author":"Potter GG","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","volume-title":"Set for life? : socioeconomic conditions, occupational complexity, and later life health","author":"Darin\u2010Mattsson A","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12123"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.12561","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alz.12561","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.12561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:26:58Z","timestamp":1759933618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.12561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.12561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12561","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}