{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:18:50Z","timestamp":1782515930311,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study leveraged the twin study design, which controls for shared genetic and early life exposures, to investigate the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Members of the National Academy of Sciences\u2013National Research Council's Twins Registry of World War II male veterans were assigned a cognitive outcome based on a multi\u2010step assessment protocol. History of TBI was obtained via interviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 8302 individuals, risk of non\u2010Alzheimer's disease (non\u2010AD) dementia was higher in those with TBI (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a02.00, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97\u20134.12), than for AD (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.23, 95% CI, 0.76\u20132.00). To add more control of genetic and shared environmental factors, we analyzed 100 twin pairs discordant for both TBI and dementia onset, and found TBI\u2010associated risk for non\u2010AD dementia increased further (McNemar odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.70; 95% CI, 1.27\u20136.25).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that non\u2010AD mechanisms may underlie the association between TBI and dementia, potentially providing insight into inconsistent results from prior studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T04:45:06Z","timestamp":1643690706000},"page":"2234-2242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Traumatic brain injury and dementia risk in male veteran older twins\u2014Controlling for genetic and early life non\u2010genetic factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Brenda L.","family":"Plassman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Center for Aging and Human Development Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Chanti\u2010Ketterl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Center for Aging and Human Development Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl F.","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging and Human Development Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Yaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Neurology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California 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