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TBI history was identified via medical records. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) and conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In multi\u2010adjusted GEE models, the odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of dementia was 1.27 (1.03\u20131.57) for TBI at any age, 1.55 (1.04\u20132.31) for TBI at 50 to 59 years, and 1.67 (1.12\u20132.49) for TBI at 60 to 69 years. Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) increased dementia risk associated with TBI at age 50 to 69 years. The ORs in GEE and conditional logistic regression did not differ significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .37).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TBI, especially between ages 50 and 69 years, is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and this is exacerbated among people with CMDs. Genetic and early\u2010life environmental factors may not account for the TBI\u2013dementia association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T02:25:39Z","timestamp":1648520739000},"page":"217-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association of life\u2010course traumatic brain injury with dementia risk: A nationwide twin study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public Health  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment Nutrition and Public Health  Tianjin 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