{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:24:05Z","timestamp":1792797845692,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological studies report an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the association between TBI\/PTSD and biomarker\u2010defined AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 289 non\u2010demented veterans with TBI and\/or PTSD and controls who underwent clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid beta (A\u03b2) and tau positron emission tomography, and apolipoprotein E testing. Participants were followed for up to 5.2 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure groups (TBI, PTSD, and TBI + PTSD) had higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and worse Mini\u2010Mental State Examination scores (PTSD: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008; TBI &amp; PTSD: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009) than controls. There were no significant differences in other cognitive scores, MRI volumes, A\u03b2 or tau accumulation, or in most longitudinal measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TBI and\/or PTSD were not associated with elevated AD biomarkers. The poorer cognitive status of exposed veterans may be due to other comorbid pathologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T22:39:05Z","timestamp":1656542345000},"page":"884-895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Traumatic brain injury and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder are not associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology measured with biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health Sciences University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9918-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dallas P.","family":"Veitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Neylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan H.","family":"Grafman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab Northwestern University School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Aisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute University of Southern California, San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford R.","family":"Jack Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Tosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"De Carli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging 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