{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:28:08Z","timestamp":1792096088984,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma biomarkers will likely revolutionize the diagnostic work\u2010up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) globally. Before widespread use, we need to determine if confounding factors affect the levels of these biomarkers, and their clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with plasma and CSF biomarkers, creatinine, body mass index (BMI), and medical history data were included (BioFINDER\u20101:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0748, BioFINDER\u20102:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0421). We measured beta\u2010amyloid (A\u03b242, A\u03b240), phosphorylated tau (p\u2010tau217, p\u2010tau181), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In both cohorts, creatinine and BMI were the main factors associated with NfL, GFAP, and to a lesser extent with p\u2010tau. However, adjustment for BMI and creatinine had only minor effects in models predicting either the corresponding levels in CSF or subsequent development of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Creatinine and BMI are related to certain plasma biomarkers levels, but they do not have clinically relevant confounding effects for the vast majority of individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Creatinine and body mass index (BMI) are related to certain plasma biomarker levels.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on plasma\u2010cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associations.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on prediction of dementia using plasma biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T13:23:11Z","timestamp":1664025791000},"page":"1403-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Confounding factors of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers and their impact on clinical performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa","family":"Pichet Binette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shorena","family":"Janelidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Dage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall J.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology  Queen Square London UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL  London UK"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Stomrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Memory Clinic Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Mattsson\u2010Carlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskar","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Memory Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Memory Clinic Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 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