{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:08:07Z","timestamp":1793725687082,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative diseases begin years before diagnosis. However, pre\u2010diagnostic changes in cognition and physical function are poorly understood, especially in sporadic neurodegenerative disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UK Biobank data were extracted. Cognitive and functional measures in individuals who subsequently developed Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy were compared against individuals without neurodegenerative diagnoses. The same measures were regressed against time to diagnosis, after adjusting for the effects of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was evidence for pre\u2010diagnostic cognitive impairment and decline with time, particularly in AD. Pre\u2010diagnostic functional impairment and decline were observed in multiple diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scale and longitudinal follow\u2010up of UK Biobank participants provides evidence for cognitive and functional decline years before symptoms become obvious in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Identifying pre\u2010diagnostic functional and cognitive changes could improve selection for preventive and early disease\u2010modifying treatment trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T19:01:28Z","timestamp":1665601288000},"page":"1752-1763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Pre\u2010diagnostic cognitive and functional impairment in multiple sporadic neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nol","family":"Swaddiwudhipong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Whiteside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H.","family":"Hezemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Rittman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3842-c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"GENFI \u2013 The Genetic Frontotemporal Initiative. 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