{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:11:23Z","timestamp":1791583883401,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) has been implicated in the metabolism of amyloid beta; however, the causal effect of ACE inhibition on risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and other common dementias is largely unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the causal association of genetically proxied ACE inhibition with four types of dementias using a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetically proxied ACE inhibition was associated with increased risk of AD dementia (odds ratio per one standard deviation reduction in serum ACE [95% confidence interval]; 1.07 [1.04\u20131.10], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u221207<\/jats:sup>) and frontotemporal dementia (1.16 [1.04\u20131.29], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01) but not with Lewy body dementia or vascular dementia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt;\u00a00.05). These findings were independently replicated and remained consistent in sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This comprehensive MR study provided genetic evidence for an association between ACE inhibition and the risk for AD and frontotemporal dementias. These results should encourage further studies of the neurocognitive effects of ACE inhibition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>HIGHLIGHTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study evaluated genetically proxied angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition association with dementias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The results suggest an association between ACE inhibition and Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The results suggest an association between ACE inhibition and frontotemporal dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Those associations can be interpreted as potentially causal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T14:54:55Z","timestamp":1680792895000},"page":"3894-3901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluating the association between genetically proxied ACE inhibition and dementias"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Malik","family":"Nassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iyas","family":"Daghlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignazio 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