{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T16:43:09Z","timestamp":1773506589946,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG052410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG052410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The underrepresentation of African Americans (AAs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research may limit potential benefits from translational applications. This article describes an approach to recruit AA families into an AD genomic study and characteristics of seeds (family connectors) used to overcome recruitment barriers of AA families into AD research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A four\u2010step outreach and snowball sampling approach relying on family connectors was used to recruit AA families. Descriptive statistics of a profile survey were gathered to understand the demographic and health characteristics of family connectors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five AA families (117 participants) were enrolled in the study via family connectors. Most family connectors self\u2010identified as female (88%), were 60 years of age or older (76%), and attained post\u2010secondary education (77%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community\u2010engaged strategies were essential to recruit AA families. Relationships between study coordinators and family connectors build trust early in the research process among AA families.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Community events were most effective for recruiting African American families.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Family connectors were primarily female, in good health, and highly educated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Systematic efforts by researchers are necessary to \u201csell\u201d a study to participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T09:05:24Z","timestamp":1684746324000},"page":"5437-5446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Leveraging African American family connectors for Alzheimer's disease genomic studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Byfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takiyah D.","family":"Starks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronqeiya","family":"Luther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DukeWELL Duke Health  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Central University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4335-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawnta L.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Caban\u2010Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry Deon","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery M.","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cuccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Behavioral Sciences University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology and Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Reitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Pericak\u2010Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goldie S.","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.1353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214000167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.10.751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010017\u20100315\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181ca2bbf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2009.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1960","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders","author":"Sanders S","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.30.S2.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"Bureau UC.Older People Projected to Outnumber Children. The United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 16 2021.https:\/\/www.census.gov\/newsroom\/press\u2010releases\/2018\/cb18\u201041\u2010population\u2010projections.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00123"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"A systematic review of strategies that increase the recruitment and retention of African American adults in genetic and genomic studies","volume":"22","author":"Johnson VA","year":"2011","journal-title":"ABNF J Off J Assoc Black Nurs Fac High Educ Inc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e31825717ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903\u2010020\u201001015\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181f14a14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181f12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"532","volume-title":"Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods","author":"Patton MQ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","article-title":"Social science research: principles, methods, and practices","volume":"3","author":"Bhattacherjee A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Textb Collect"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","volume-title":"SAGE Research Methods Foundations","author":"Parker C","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2018.1539222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721419857858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000190803.11340.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205016666190321161901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0027\u20109684(15)30361\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730903528017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igy023.1646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.16.20155556"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Beyond the barriers: factors that influence African Americans to participate in research","volume":"1","author":"Lang R","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis Alzheimer Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2017.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315575708"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.13106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:33:03Z","timestamp":1759923183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.13106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.13106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}