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Fat volume and radiodensity are measurements of fat quantity and quality, respectively. Importantly, high fat radiodensity could indicate healthy or adverse metabolic processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The associations of cardiovascular fat (including epicardial, paracardial, and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue [PVAT]) quantity and quality assessed at mean age of 51 with subsequent cognitive performance measured repeatedly over 16 years of follow\u2010up were examined using mixed models among 531 women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher thoracic PVAT volume was associated with a higher future episodic memory (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>[standard error (SE)]\u00a0=\u00a00.08 [0.04], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.033), while higher thoracic PVAT radiodensity with lower future episodic (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>[SE]\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.06 [0.03], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045) and working (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>[SE]\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.24 [0.08], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) memories. The latter association is prominent at higher volume of thoracic PVAT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mid\u2010life thoracic PVAT may have a distinct contribution to future cognition possibly due to its distinct adipose tissue type (brown fat) and anatomical proximity to the brain circulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>HIGHLIGHTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Higher mid\u2010life thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (thoracic PVAT) volume is related to a better future episodic memory in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Higher mid\u2010life thoracic PVAT radiodensity is related to worse future working and episodic memories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Negative association of high thoracic PVAT radiodensity with working memory is prominent at higher thoracic PVAT volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Mid\u2010life thoracic PVAT is linked to future memory loss, an early sign of Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Mid\u2010life women's epicardial and paracardial fat are not related to future cognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T08:59:10Z","timestamp":1684745950000},"page":"4073-4083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The quantity and quality of cardiovascular fat at mid\u2010life and future cognitive performance among women: The SWAN cardiovascular fat ancillary study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Meiyuzhen","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imke","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Rush University Rush Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Barinas\u2010Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center Lundquist Institute  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun S.","family":"Karlamangla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Derby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology &amp; 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