{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:59:17Z","timestamp":1791557957952,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010969","name":"Alzheimer Nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our main objective\u00a0was to investigate whether retinal neurodegeneration, estimated from lower thickness of inner retinal layers, was associated with incident all\u2010cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed an individual participant data meta\u2010analysis using unpublished data from four prospective cohort studies with a total of 69,955 participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01087 cases of incident all\u2010cause dementia; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0520 cases incident AD; follow\u2010up time median [interquartile range] 11.3 [8.8\u201311.5] years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>General baseline characteristics of the study population were mean (standard deviation) age, 58.1 (8.8) years; 47% women. After adjustment, lower baseline macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly associated with a 10% and 11% higher incidence of all\u2010cause dementia and AD, respectively. Lower baseline macular ganglion cell\u2010inner plexiform layer thickness was not significantly associated with these outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that retinal neurodegeneration precedes the onset of clinical dementia. Retinal imaging tools may be informative biomarkers for the study of the early pathophysiology of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T07:00:32Z","timestamp":1691478032000},"page":"211-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Associations of inner retinal layers with risk of incident dementia: An individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Frank C. T.","family":"van der Heide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University (UM), 6229 ER  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+)  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris Inserm U1153 Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tos T. J. M.","family":"Berendschot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC+  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Littlejohns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Ku\u017ama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albertinen\u2010Haus Centre for Geriatrics and Gerontology University of Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Luben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology  London UK"},{"name":"MRC Epidemiology Unit  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Maastricht Study Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Bertelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"von Hanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Nordland Hospital Trust  Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Akershus University Hospital  L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara C. L.","family":"Rebou\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Grasset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Delcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Helmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"UK Biobank Eye & Vision Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"E3 consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coen D. A.","family":"Stehouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University (UM), 6229 ER  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+)  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1563"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9889-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0131-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988706291083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01531-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"2021","article-title":"Handling censoring and censored data in survival analysis: a standalone systematic literature review","author":"Joe Turkson A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Math Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0228-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00588-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.592607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Rothman KJ GS","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.13167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:48:59Z","timestamp":1759949339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.13167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.13167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13167","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}