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Their additive association, and their associations with dementia\u2010specific mortality, have not been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We associated serum NfL, GFAP, total tau ,and ubiquitin carboxyl\u2010terminal hydrolase\u2010L1, measured in 1712 dementia\u2010free adults, with 19\u2010year incident dementia and dementia\u2010specific mortality risk, and with 3\u2010year cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In adjusted models, being in the highest versus lowest tertile of NfL or GFAP associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.49 (1.20\u20131.84) and 1.38 (1.15\u20131.66) for incident dementia, and 2.87 (1.79\u20134.61) and 2.76 (1.73\u20134.40) for dementia\u2010specific mortality. Joint third versus first tertile exposure further increased risk; HR\u00a0=\u00a02.06 (1.60\u20132.67) and 9.22 (4.48\u201318.9). NfL was independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circulating NfL and GFAP may, independently and jointly, provide useful clinical insight regarding dementia risk and prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T13:48:17Z","timestamp":1688219297000},"page":"5672-5680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Serum NfL and GFAP are associated with incident dementia and dementia mortality in older adults: The cardiovascular health study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6855-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e9ne T.","family":"Cronj\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Odden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine F.","family":"Moseholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's &amp; Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Texas San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia L.","family":"Satizabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's &amp; Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Texas San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar L.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Bis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Djouss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aging Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. 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