{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:52:20Z","timestamp":1786326740264,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIHR #183856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIHR #183856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our population\u2010based study assessed whether clinically apparent <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection (CAHPI) is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assembled a population\u2010based cohort of all dementia\u2010free subjects in the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink (UK CPRD), aged \u226550 years (1988\u20132017). Using a nested case\u2010control approach, we matched each newly developed case of AD with 40 controls. Conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of AD associated with CAHPI compared with no CAHPI during \u22652 years before the index date. We also used salmonellosis as a negative control exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 4,262,092 dementia\u2010free subjects, 40,455 developed AD after a mean 11 years of follow\u2010up. CAHPI was associated with an increased risk of AD (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.21) compared with no CAHPI. Salmonellosis was not associated with the risk of AD (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.82\u20131.29).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAHPI was associated with a moderately increased risk of AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>CAHPI was associated with an 11% increased risk of AD in subjects aged \u226550 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The increase in the risk of AD reached a peak of 24% a decade after CAHPI onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There was no major effect modification by age or sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Sensitivity analyses addressing several potential biases led to consistent results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T07:04:07Z","timestamp":1702451047000},"page":"1716-1724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clinically apparent <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease: A population\u2010based nested case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Antonios","family":"Douros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zharmaine","family":"Ante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo A.","family":"Fallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health Center McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Azoulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Renoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Suissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7485-2546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Brassard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics, and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Dementia. 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