{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:17:52Z","timestamp":1792124272335,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0203000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0203000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Existing blood\u2010based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) mainly focus on its pathological features. However, studies on blood\u2010based biomarkers associated with other biological processes for a comprehensive evaluation of AD status are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a blood\u2010based, multiplex biomarker assay for AD that measures the levels of 21 proteins involved in multiple biological pathways. We evaluated the assay's performance for classifying AD and indicating AD\u2010related endophenotypes in three independent cohorts from Chinese or European\u2010descent populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 21\u2010protein assay accurately classified AD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]\u00a0=\u00a00.9407 to 0.9867) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.8434 to 0.8945) while also indicating brain amyloid pathology. Moreover, the assay simultaneously evaluated the changes of five biological processes in individuals and revealed the ethnic\u2010specific dysregulations of biological processes upon AD progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated the utility of a blood\u2010based, multi\u2010pathway biomarker assay for early screening and staging of AD, providing insights for patient stratification and precision medicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The authors developed a blood\u2010based biomarker assay for Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The 21\u2010protein assay classifies AD\/MCI and indicates brain amyloid pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The 21\u2010protein assay can simultaneously assess activities of five biological processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Ethnic\u2010specific dysregulations of biological processes in AD were revealed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T09:33:34Z","timestamp":1704533614000},"page":"2000-2015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A blood\u2010based multi\u2010pathway biomarker assay for early detection and staging of Alzheimer's disease across ethnic groups"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuanbing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon HKSAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyebin","family":"Uhm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon HKSAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny C.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHK  HKSAR China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science Disease and Drug Development HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHK  HKSAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronnie M. 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