{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T12:36:11Z","timestamp":1789302971887,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the complement cascade, with complement component 3 (C3) playing a key role. However, the relationship between C3 and amyloid beta (A\u03b2) in blood is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma C3 and A\u03b2 oligomerization tendency (A\u03b2Ot) were measured in 35 AD patients and 62 healthy controls. Correlations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, cognitive impairment, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were analyzed. Differences between biomarkers were compared in groups classified by concordances of biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma C3 and A\u03b2Ot were elevated in AD patients and in CSF or amyloid PET\u2013positive groups. Weak positive correlation was found between C3 and A\u03b2Ot, while both had strong negative correlations with CSF A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub> and cognitive performance. Abnormalities were observed for A\u03b2Ot and CSF A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub> followed by C3 changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased plasma C3 in AD are associated with amyloid pathology, possibly reflecting a defense response for A\u03b2 clearance. Further studies on A\u03b2\u2010binding proteins will enhance understanding of A\u03b2 mechanisms in blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T07:19:44Z","timestamp":1709018384000},"page":"2731-2741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Subsequent correlated changes in complement component 3 and amyloid beta oligomers in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kyu Hwan","family":"Shim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology Gachon University  Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology Gachon University  Seongnam Republic of 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