{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:21:13Z","timestamp":1791580873791,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the association of long\u2010term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with dementia incidence in the Danish Nurse Cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female nurses were followed for dementia incidence (hospital contact or medication prescription) from 1993\/1999 to 2020. Air pollution and road traffic noise levels were estimated at nurses\u2019 residences, and their associations with dementia were examined using Cox regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 25,233 nurses 1409 developed dementia. Particulate matter with a diameter of \u22642.5\u00a0\u00b5m (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) was associated with dementia incidence, after adjusting for lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and road traffic noise (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.35 [1.15\u20131.59] per interquartile range of 2.6\u00a0\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). There was no association of PM2.5 with dementia in physically active nurses. Association with road traffic noise diminished after adjusting for PM\u2082.\u2085 (1.02 [0.93\u20131.11] per 7.6\u00a0dB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term exposure to air pollution increases risk of dementia, and physical activity may moderate this risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Long\u2010term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased risk of dementia among female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Association of air pollution with dementia was independent of road traffic noise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Association of road traffic noise with dementia diminished after adjusting for air pollution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Physical activity moderated adverse effects of air pollution on 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