{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:18:15Z","timestamp":1788308295187,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delirium is associated with mortality and new onset dementia, yet the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Development of imaging biomarkers has been difficult given the challenging nature of imaging delirious patients. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) offers a promising approach for investigating delirium given its portability and three\u2010dimensional capabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five delirious and matched non\u2010delirious patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050) were examined using DOT, comparing cerebral oxygenation and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex during and after an episode of delirium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total hemoglobin values were significantly decreased in the delirium group, even after delirium resolution. Functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was strengthened post\u2010resolution compared to during an episode; however, this relationship was still significantly weaker compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings highlight DOT's potential as an imaging biomarker to measure impaired cerebral oxygenation and functional dysconnectivity during and after delirium. Future studies should focus on the role of cerebral oxygenation in delirium pathogenesis and exploring the etiological link between delirium and dementias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We developed a portable diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for bedside three\u2010dimensional functional neuroimaging to study delirium in the hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We implemented a novel DOT task\u2010focused seed\u2010based correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>DOT revealed decreased cerebral oxygenation and functional connectivity strength in the delirium group, even after resolution of delirium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T07:00:48Z","timestamp":1714719648000},"page":"4032-4042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Diffuse optical tomography for mapping cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity in delirium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shixie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Czuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Division of Vascular Surgery University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Cohen\u2010Oram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Chechotka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Andrew","family":"Kozel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine Florida State University  Tallahassee Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2017.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(13)60688\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.21.2703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102022\u2010328903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2011.03671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013307.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011749.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11060976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419848826"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010022\u201002557\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3368999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1053\u20108119(03)00311\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5086809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Review","author":"Burke B","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201086751\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/XST\u2010210900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42492\u2010022\u201000119\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610204000390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103956(75)90026\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288809164103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.6.1619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895\u20104356(94)90129\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.4.454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520\u2010022\u201002205\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v5.i3.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.1994.tb06551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.927"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386\u2010021\u201001132\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066621997090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18803081"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"III179","article-title":"Spreading depression\u2010like depolarization and selective vulnerability of neurons. A brief review","volume":"21","author":"Somjen GG","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20104159.1988.tb01111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y87\u2010173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u20102009\u20101041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.42.002915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/60\/7\/2921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/47\/12\/305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741\u20102552\/abfdf9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119460"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.13827","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:01:01Z","timestamp":1759946461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.13827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.13827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13827","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}