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A doubly robust learning was deployed to estimate risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all\u2010cause dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 35,458 individuals with T2D, 1.8% in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 4.7% in the sulfonylurea group developed all\u2010cause dementia over a 3.2\u2010year follow\u2010up, yielding a lower risk for SGLT2 inhibitors (RD, \u20132.5%; 95% CI, \u20133.0% to \u20132.1%). Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease were identified as the two important variables to define four subgroups in which RD ranged from \u20134.3% (\u20135.5 to \u20133.2) to \u20130.9% (\u20131.9 to 0.2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to sulfonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of all\u2010cause dementia, but the association varied among different subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>New users of sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk of all\u2010cause dementia as compared to those of sulfonylureas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The association varied among different subgroups defined by Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A significantly lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia was observed among new users of SGLT2 inhibitors compared to those of sulfonylureas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T08:26:27Z","timestamp":1719995187000},"page":"5528-5539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Heterogeneous treatment effects of sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes: A population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Huilin","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy University of Florida College of Pharmacy  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Donahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy University of Florida College of Pharmacy  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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