{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:25:21Z","timestamp":1791501921737,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a popular memory task designed to assess hippocampal integrity. We assessed whether analyzing MST performance using a multinomial processing tree (MPT) cognitive model could detect individuals with elevated Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker status prior to cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHOD<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed MST data from\u00a0&gt;200 individuals (young, cognitively healthy older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), a subset of which also had existing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (A\u03b2) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) data using both traditional and model\u2010derived approaches. We assessed how well each could predict age group, memory ability, MCI status, A\u03b2, and pTau status using receiver operating characteristic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both approaches predicted age group membership equally, but MPT\u2010derived metrics exceeded traditional metrics in all other comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A MPT model of the MST can detect individuals with AD prior to cognitive decline, making it a potentially useful tool for screening and monitoring older adults during the asymptomatic phase of AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The MST, along with cognitive modeling, identifies individuals with memory deficits and cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Cognitive modeling of the MST identifies individuals with increased AD biomarkers prior to changes in cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The MST is a digital biomarker that identifies individuals at high risk of AD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T08:23:31Z","timestamp":1725611011000},"page":"6935-6947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cognitive modeling of the Mnemonic Similarity Task as a digital biomarker for Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8233-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casey R.","family":"Vanderlip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior 1424 Biological Sciences III University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Science 3151 Social Sciences Plaza A University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig E. L.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior 1424 Biological Sciences III University of California, Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2310168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.6669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201002049\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2282020915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587\u2010023\u201000403\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010024\u201002869\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746\u2010018\u20100018\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.6067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.23.595638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520\u2010023\u201002456\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828ab35d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.663507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1971111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199904)45:4<466::AID-ANA8>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"467","volume-title":"Progress in Brain Research","author":"Morrison JH","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2020.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010230221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816772.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmp.2020.102328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.053838.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211069089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41237\u2010023\u201000193\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale\u2014Third Edition (WMS\u2010III)","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encephalopathie traumatique. (Les problems). The psychological examination in cases of traumatic encepholopathy. Problems","volume":"28","author":"Rey A","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0887\u20106177(97)00095\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS\u2010III): Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887\u20106177(03)00039\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712000847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2998\u201014.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","unstructured":"PlummerMJAGS.A program for analysis of Bayesian graphical models using Gibbs sampling. In:Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Distributed Statistical Computing (DSC 2003) Vienna.2003.124 1\u201010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","unstructured":"SeaboldS PerktoldJ.Published online2010:5."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/271063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2331554"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2020.104556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010023\u201001272\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000144281.38555.E3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.800126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.3354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1279\u201019.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.14.2.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.15.2.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20103445.117.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390500409583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065\u2010014\u20109266\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BanavarNV NohSM WahlheimCN et al.A response time model of the three\u2010choice Mnemonic Similarity Task provides stable mechanistically interpretable individual\u2010difference measures.2024;18. doi:10.31234\/osf.io\/yvdae","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1379287"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.14163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:40:23Z","timestamp":1759934423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.14163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.14163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.14163","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.03.07.584012","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}