{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1791406105728,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG060737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG060737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late\u2010life air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk for dementia, with this effect exacerbated among apolipoprotein E\u20104 (ApoE\u20104) carriers. However, whether midlife occupational exposures likewise influence dementia outcomes, and varies as a function of ApoE\u20104 status is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from 3814 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), we employed weighted logistic regression to evaluate associations between midlife occupational respiratory exposures and late\u2010life air pollution on all\u2010cause dementia risk, stratified by ApoE\u20104 status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Midlife occupational exposure was associated with increased odds of all\u2010cause dementia preferentially among ApoE\u20104 noncarriers (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a01.59,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01), whereas higher late\u2010life urban air pollution exposure was associated with increased dementia risk among ApoE\u20104 carriers (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.258,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.029).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Associations between environmental exposures and dementia risk vary based on the timing of exposure and ApoE\u20104 status. While late\u2010life environmental exposures are associated with dementia among ApoE\u20104 carriers, for noncarriers midlife environmental exposure confers the greatest risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The effect of adult environmental respiratory exposures on subsequent dementia risk varies as a function of both ApoE\u20104 carrier status and exposure timing.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Midlife occupational exposure to respiratory hazards is preferentially associated with increased dementia odds among ApoE\u20104 noncarriers.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Late\u2010life exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with dementia risk, but only among ApoE\u20104 carriers.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            While higher exposure to PM\n                            <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                            increases the risk for dementia, higher exposure to ozone was associated with reduced risk for dementia among ApoE\u20104 carriers.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T08:50:04Z","timestamp":1732265404000},"page":"8263-8278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Midlife and late\u2010life environmental exposures on dementia risk in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: The modifying effects of ApoE"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin at Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin at Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin at Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Trane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin at Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Sicinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Demography of Health and Aging University of Wisconsin at Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Herd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCourt School of Public Policy Georgetown University  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Engelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Demography of Health and Aging University of Wisconsin at Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Asthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin at Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin at Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin at Madison School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center William S. 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