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Amyloid beta (A\u03b2) 42\/40, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are plasma biomarkers for AD. Clinical biomarker research would be served by an understanding of the sources of variance in these markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood concentrations of A\u03b242\/40, NfL, and GFAP of twins and their families (monozygotic twins: 1574, dizygotic twins: 1266, other: 3657) were analyzed on the Simoa HD\u2010X. Twin\u2010family models were used to estimate proportional genetic contributions to the variance in biomarker levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heritability estimates were 16% for A\u03b242\/40, 42% for NfL, and 60% for GFAP. NfL and GFAP were significantly correlated with each other (0.37) but not with A\u03b242\/40.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The heritability of A\u03b242\/40 (16%) is lower than the heritability of AD, suggesting strong environmental influences on this biomarker. The lack of correlation between NfL\/GFAP and A\u03b242\/40 indicates these markers may be on different biological pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Heritability is found for glial fibrillary acidic protein (60%), neurofilament light chain (42%), and amyloid beta (A\u03b2) 42\/40 (16%) plasma levels.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>A\u03b242\/40 plasma levels are sensitive to person\u2010specific environmental influences.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T06:01:20Z","timestamp":1732600880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Heritability of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers: A nuclear twin family design"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9355-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca Z.","family":"Rousset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry Laboratory Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk","family":"den Braber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Department of Neurology Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge M. W.","family":"Verberk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry Laboratory Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Boonkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry Laboratory Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quanterix Corp  Billerica Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lannie","family":"Ligthart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry Laboratory Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eco J. 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