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We investigated blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL) to distinguish ND from primary psychiatric disorders (PPD), a common challenge in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma and CSF NfL levels were measured and compared between groups, adjusting for age, sex, and weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 337 participants were included: 136 ND, 77 PPD, and 124 Controls. Plasma NfL was 2.5\u2010fold elevated in ND compared to PPD and had strong diagnostic performance (area under the curve, [AUC]: 0.86, 81%\/85% specificity\/sensitivity) that was comparable to CSF NfL (2\u2010fold elevated, AUC: 0.89, 95%\/71% specificity\/sensitivity). Diagnostic performance was especially strong in younger people (40\u2013\u00a0&lt;\u00a060 years). Additional findings were cutoffs optimized for sensitivity and specificity, and issues important for future clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study adds important evidence for a simple blood\u2010based biomarker to assist as a screening test for neurodegeneration and distinction from PPD, in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>NfL levels were significantly higher in ND versus PPD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Plasma NfL showed strong diagnostic performance, comparable to CSF NfL, to distinguish ND from PPD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Diagnostic performance was higher in younger people, where diagnostic challenges are greater.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Further research is needed on analytical and reference range factors, for clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>These findings support a simple screening blood test for neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T03:18:42Z","timestamp":1728184722000},"page":"7989-8001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Plasma and CSF neurofilament light chain distinguish neurodegenerative from primary psychiatric conditions in a clinical setting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3226-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhamidhu","family":"Eratne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatry Centre The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The Florey  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J. 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