{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:26:24Z","timestamp":1788024384444,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG068206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG068206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG056014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG056014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG474069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG474069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG072979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG070592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG070592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent technological advances have increased the risk that de\u2010identified brain images could be re\u2010identified from face imagery. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a leading source of publicly available de\u2010identified brain imaging, who quickly acted to protect participants\u2019 privacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>An independent expert committee evaluated 11 face\u2010deidentification (\u201cde\u2010facing\u201d) methods and selected four for formal testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effects of de\u2010facing on brain measurements were comparable across methods and sufficiently small to recommend de\u2010facing in ADNI. The committee ultimately recommended <jats:italic>mri_reface<\/jats:italic> for advantages in reliability, and for some practical considerations. ADNI leadership approved the committee's recommendation, beginning in ADNI4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>ADNI4 de\u2010faces all applicable brain images before subsequent pre\u2010processing, analyses, and public release. Trained analysts inspect de\u2010faced images to confirm complete face removal and complete non\u2010modification of brain. This paper details the history of the algorithm selection process and extensive validation, then describes the production workflows for de\u2010facing in ADNI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>ADNI is implementing \u201cde\u2010facing\u201d of MRI and PET beginning in ADNI4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>\u201cDe\u2010facing\u201d alters face imagery in brain images to help protect privacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Four algorithms were extensively compared for ADNI and mri_reface was chosen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Validation confirms mri_reface is robust and effective for ADNI sequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Validation confirms mri_reface negligibly affects ADNI brain measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T07:14:36Z","timestamp":1728630876000},"page":"8048-8061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Implementation and validation of face de\u2010identification (de\u2010facing) in ADNI4"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center  San Francisco California 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