{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:35:21Z","timestamp":1791855321340,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers. We critically appraised the current state of the literature, examining both consistencies and discrepancies in existing pre\u2010analytical variables and methodologies. We discussed how various pre\u2010analytical variables could influence the detection and quantification of salivary biomarkers, showed technologies available to standardize collection procedures, and proposed a standardized pre\u2010analytical protocol to guide future studies on salivary AD biomarker examinations. We identified potential contexts of use, gaps, and priorities and proposed future research directions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Given its non\u2010invasive nature, wider accessibility, and cultural acceptability, particularly in low\u2010resourced settings, saliva is a biofluid complementary to blood and CSF.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Current salivary AD biomarker studies do not control for many confounding pre\u2010analytical variables during the sampling process, potentially leading to inaccurate salivary biomarker readings and conclusions, contributing to conflicting findings.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Reviewing the current literature, including the consistencies and non\u2010consistencies observed in the existing parameters and methodologies, discussing how they can affect salivary AD biomarker detection and quantification.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Proposing a standardized salivary pre\u2010analytical protocol, identifying the gaps and prioritizations needed to move this area forward, proposing future directions and potential contexts of use.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T02:35:17Z","timestamp":1735612517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Guidelines for the standardization of pre\u2010analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ted K. S.","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Institute for Healthy Aging Department of Internal Medicine Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Edson College of Nursing and Health Education Arizona State University  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinedu","family":"Udeh\u2010Momoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest University School of Medicine, North Carolina Medical Center Boulevard  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Institute Aga Khan University  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics Center for Alzheimer Research Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield  Sheffield 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