{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:09:20Z","timestamp":1789560560027,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G\u201021\u20100031543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G\u201021\u20100031543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The menopausal decline in ovarian estrogen production is thought to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease; however, this link requires further investigation. The chronological development of this connection is not well defined because of the lack of animal models that recapitulate the time course of menopause. This study characterized the cognitive and neuronal effects of the 4\u2010vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) model of ovarian failure in female mice and assessed whether high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) would attenuate impairments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female mice were injected with VCD for 15 days. Novel object recognition tests (NORT) were conducted during (perimenopause) and after (menopause) ovarian failure (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07). HIIT was initiated in menopause and mice underwent NORT testing after 2 and 8\u00a0weeks of HIIT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VCD mice had a lower discrimination index, and lower SNAP25 and NeuN expression in perimenopause. HIIT did not recover memory in VCD mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuronal changes arise early in the perimenopausal transition and HIIT did not improve recognition memory when initiated in menopause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The menopausal decline in ovarian estrogen production increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The chronological development of this connection is not well defined because of the lack of animal models that recapitulate the time course of menopause.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>4\u2010vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)\u2013induced ovarian failure provides a model that simulates the average human experience in the transition from perimenopause to menopause.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We demonstrate that cognitive and biochemical effects related to AD pathology are present from the earliest available timepoint in perimenopause in VCD mice.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>This work highlights the importance of examining the time course in the progression to menopause and the use of VCD as a model to investigate changes in the brain.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T04:56:10Z","timestamp":1734929770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Accelerated ovarian failure results in brain alterations related to Alzheimer's disease that are not recovered by high\u2010intensity interval training in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Brock University  St. Catharines Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Finch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Brock University  St. Catharines Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rouhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPART Team Canada Dalhousie Medicine Dalhousie University  Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parastoo","family":"Mashouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciara","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPART Team Canada Dalhousie Medicine Dalhousie University  Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma F.","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Newman","family":"Sze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Brock University  St. Catharines Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn M.","family":"Beaudette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Brock University  St. Catharines Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Brock University  St. Catharines Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Bone and Muscle Health Brock University  St. Catharines Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Glen","family":"Pyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMPART Team Canada Dalhousie Medicine Dalhousie University  Saint John New Brunswick Canada"},{"name":"Women's Health Research Institute B.C. Women's Hospital + Health Centre  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph  Guelph Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E. 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