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We investigated the long\u2010term effects of PBO performed before age 50 years on amyloid beta (A\u03b2), tau, and neurodegeneration imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging\u20102 participants were divided into early PBO (&lt; 46 years;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a061), and late PBO (46\u201349 years;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a051) groups and were compared to referent women who did not undergo PBO (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0119).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early PBO was associated with thinner entorhinal cortex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.014), higher tau load at higher levels of A\u03b2 load (\n                      <jats:italic>Pp<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005), higher A\u03b2 load (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.026), and smaller temporal lobe cortical thickness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.022), only at older ages compared to the referent group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBO before the age of 46 years is associated with entorhinal cortex thinning, elevated tau at higher A\u03b2 levels, along with an AD\u2010like pattern of atrophy at older ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT03821857 sex\u2010specific effects of endocrine disruption on aging and AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy (PBO) before the ages of 46 (early PBO) years and ages 46 to 49 (late PBO) years was studied.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early PBO was associated with reduced entorhinal cortex thickness later in life.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early PBO was associated with greater amyloid beta (A\u03b2) load at older ages.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early PBO was associated with greater Alzheimer's disease pattern of atrophy at older ages.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early PBO was associated with higher tau load at higher A\u03b2 levels.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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