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All participants underwent clinical, cognitive, and MRI assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AD patients exhibited a significant reduction in the water exchange rates across the BBB, whereas DLB patients showed a significant increase in BBB permeability to contrast agent. Moreover, BBB permeability to both water and contrast agent in multiple brain regions demonstrated correlations with clinical severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The simultaneous evaluation of BBB permeability to water and contrast agent based on the proposed model highlights the heterogeneous patterns of BBB breakdown in AD and DLB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We measured blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) permeability to water and contrast agent based on dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by lower water exchange rates across the BBB.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Dementia with Lewy bodies exhibits higher BBB permeability to contrast agent.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>BBB permeability is related to cognitive impairment and disease burden.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>BBB permeability to water was negatively associated with that to contrast agent.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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School of Biomedicine Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedicine Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedicine Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research School of Biomedicine Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Tianjin Key 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