{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:31:41Z","timestamp":1791815501845,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG R01AG055422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG R01AG055422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM141457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM141457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI137198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI137198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG076018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG076018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI106697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI106697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG067581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG067581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R13AG090018\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R13AG090018\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI148099\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI148099\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n \n This proceedings article summarizes the inaugural \u201cT Cells in the Brain\u201d symposium held at Columbia University. Experts gathered to explore the role of T\u00a0cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Key topics included characterization of antigen\u2010specific immune responses, T\u00a0cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, microbial etiology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and microglia\u2013T\u00a0cell crosstalk, with a focus on how T\u00a0cells affect neuroinflammation and AD biomarkers like amyloid beta and tau. The symposium also examined immunotherapies for AD, including the Valacyclovir Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (VALAD) trial, and two clinical trials leveraging regulatory T\u00a0cell approaches for multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Additionally, single\u2010cell RNA\/TCR sequencing of T\u00a0cells and other immune cells provided insights into immune dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. This article highlights key findings from the symposium and outlines future research directions to further understand the role of T\u00a0cells in neurodegeneration, offering innovative therapeutic approaches for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Highlights<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Researchers gathered to discuss approaches to study T\u00a0cells in brain disorders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n New technologies allow high\u2010throughput screening of antigen\u2010specific T\u00a0cells.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Microbial infections can precede several serious and chronic neurological diseases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Central and peripheral T\u00a0cell responses shape neurological disease pathology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Immunotherapy can induce regulatory T\u00a0cell responses in neuroinflammatory disorders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T07:23:37Z","timestamp":1737962617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Exploring the role of T\u00a0cells in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases: Emerging therapeutic insights from the T Cells in the Brain symposium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wassim","family":"Elyaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Neurobiology Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, and Immunology and Microbiology Program UMass Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Institute for Immunology and Immune Health Center for Cellular Immunotherapies Abramson Cancer Center Institute for RNA Innovation Center for Precision Engineering for Health University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0792-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dallin","family":"Dressman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Neurobiology Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Program Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Klatzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMRS 959 Immunology\u2010Immunopathology\u2010Immunotherapy (i3) Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Neurobiology Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna L.","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Surgery Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally C.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center of Excellence Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Chizari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Institute for Immunology and Immune Health Center for Cellular Immunotherapies Abramson Cancer Center Institute for RNA Innovation Center for Precision Engineering for Health University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davangere","family":"Devanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran T.","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Towfique","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama Al","family":"Dalahmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rani A.","family":"Sarkis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Division Department of Neurology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A.","family":"Shneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center Columbia University New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Przedborski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15626-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34526-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00441.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1193507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04844-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","article-title":"Clonal CD8 T\u00a0cells in the leptomeninges are locally controlled and influence microglia in human neurodegeneration","author":"Hobson R","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302720120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00375-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FaridarA EidAM ThomeAD et\u00a0al.A phase 1 open\u2010label pilot study of low\u2010dose interleukine\u20102 immunotherapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease.2023:54.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00387-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00835-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01664-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.24565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf3700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12869"},{"issue":"74","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","article-title":"PDIA3 epitope\u2010driven immune autoreactivity contributes to hepatic damage in type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Clement CC","journal-title":"Sci Immunol 2022 Aug"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-322983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg7162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","article-title":"Benchmarking solutions to the T\u2010cell receptor epitope prediction problem: iMMREP22 workshop report","volume":"9","author":"Meysman P","year":"2023","journal-title":"ImmunoInformatics [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.82813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-102319-103410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-018-0139-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00472-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0374-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12008"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"2807","article-title":"Microglia and a functional type I IFN pathway are required to counter HSV\u20101\u2013driven brain lateral ventricle enlargement and encephalitis","volume":"190","author":"Conrady CD","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"MonroeK WeerakkodyT Sabelstr\u00f6mH et\u00a0al.PILRA regulates microglial neuroinflammation and lipid metabolism as a candidate therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease [Internet].2024[cited 2024 Sep 11]. Available from:https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs\u20103954863\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","article-title":"Antigen non\u2010specific CD8+ T\u00a0cells accelerate cognitive decline in aged mice following respiratory coronavirus infection","author":"Reagin KL","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0323-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01874-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","article-title":"RNA\u2010 and ATAC\u2010sequencing reveals a unique CD83+ microglial population focally depleted in Parkinson's disease","author":"Chatila ZK","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","article-title":"The spatial landscape of glial pathology and T\u2010cell response in Parkinson's disease substantia nigra","author":"Jakubiak K","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","article-title":"Attempts to develop vaccines against Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of ongoing and completed vaccination trials in humans","volume":"15","author":"Thakur A","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.371360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","article-title":"Activating the immune system for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer disease with IBC\u2010Ab002","author":"Ciccone I","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology Live"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","unstructured":"Inc C.Cellenkos Approved to Proceed with CK0803 Neurotrophic T regulatory Cell therapy to Treat Second Cohort in ALS Trial [Internet]. [cited 2024 Nov 15]. Available from:https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news\u2010releases\/cellenkos\u2010approved\u2010to\u2010proceed\u2010with\u2010ck0803\u2010neurotrophic\u2010t\u2010regulatory\u2010cell\u2010therapy\u2010to\u2010treat\u2010second\u2010cohort\u2010in\u2010als\u2010trial\u2010302064780.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00692-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8967"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's & Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.14548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alz.14548","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.14548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:39:28Z","timestamp":1789558768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.14548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.14548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.14548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14548"}}