{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:09:10Z","timestamp":1789560550445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015442","name":"Global Brain Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GBHI ALZ UK\u201022\u2010865981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBHI ALZ UK\u201022\u2010865981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AACSF AACSF\u201021 \u2010723015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AACSF AACSF\u201021 \u2010723015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of amyloid beta 42 (A\u03b242). Decreased venous drainage may enhance A\u03b242 accumulation. We aimed to compare venous cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) of AD patients to cognitively healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients underwent neurocognitive evaluation and brain magnetic resonance imaging, including time\u2010of\u2010flight sequence. Venous CSA was measured at the jugular foramen level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010nine AD\/mild cognitive impairment patients and 20 cognitively healthy controls were included. Total venous CSA was smaller in the cognitively impaired group (mean CSA 139.77\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [SD: 32.22] vs 166.55\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [SD: 33.1],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004]. When divided, both internal jugular and non\u2010jugular systems were smaller within cognitively impaired patients; statistical significance was achieved only for the non\u2010jugular system (mean CSA 41.21\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [SD: 21.52] vs 54.5\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [SD: 27.31],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.045).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is an association between smaller venous systems and cognitive impairment, most prominently in the non\u2010jugular system. Venous narrowing may cause impaired venous drainage, leading to an accumulation of A\u03b242.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The non\u2010jugular venous system, including the vertebral plexus and pterygopalatine plexus, plays an important role in cerebral drainage.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The total venous CSA is significantly smaller in cognitively impaired patients compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Reduced venous drainage may contribute to the accumulation of A\u03b2 and other waste products and potentially plays a role in AD pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T05:05:41Z","timestamp":1739336741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Alzheimer's disease patients have smaller venous drainage system compared to cognitively healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5056-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshet","family":"Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center \u2013 Beilinson Hospital  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine Tel\u2010Aviv University  Tel\u2010Aviv 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Tel\u2010Aviv University  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center \u2013 Beilinson Hospital  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine Tel\u2010Aviv University  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Shelef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Soroka Medical Center Beer Sheva  Beersheba Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eitan","family":"Auriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center \u2013 Beilinson Hospital  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine Tel\u2010Aviv University  Tel\u2010Aviv 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