{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:09:25Z","timestamp":1789560565433,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AGO69259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AGO69259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AG049663\u201006A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AG049663\u201006A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\u2010P30AG072972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\u2010P30AG072972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the independent associations between high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C) and triglyceride (TG) levels with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 177,680 members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who completed a survey on health risks, we residualized TGs and HDL\u2010C conditional on age, sex, and body mass index. We included these residuals individually and concurrently in Cox models predicting ADRD incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a01.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02\u20131.10) and high quintiles (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.12) of HDL\u2010C residuals were associated with an increased risk of ADRD compared to the middle quintile. Additional adjustment for TGs attenuated the association with high HDL\u2010C (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99\u20131.08). Low TG residuals were associated with an increased ADRD risk (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.15); high TG residuals were protective (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88\u20130.96). These estimates were unaffected by HDL\u2010C adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low HDL\u2010C and TG levels are independently associated with increased ADRD risk. The correlation with low TG level explains the association of high HDL\u2010C with ADRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Strong correlations between lipid levels are important considerations when investigating lipids as late\u2010life risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Low levels of high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C) and triglycerides (TGs) were independently associated with an increased risk of ADRD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We found no evidence for an association between high HDL\u2010C and increased ADRD risk after adjustment for TGs.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>High levels of TGs were consistently associated with a decreased risk of ADRD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>There may be interaction between TG and HDL\u2010C levels, where both low HDL\u2010C and TG levels increase the risk of ADRD compared to average levels of both.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T22:38:17Z","timestamp":1741732697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Independent associations of high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3136-0001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin L.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhyuk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Genetics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Gilsanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinyemi","family":"Oni\u2010Orisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Genetics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Whitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Risch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research  Pleasanton California USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human Genetics University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Maria","family":"Glymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)30367\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.13734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010022\u201002082\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000161870.78572.A5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/vhrm.s12187462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2011.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890802609534"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Similarity of the Kaiser Permanente Senior Member Population in Northern California to the Non\u2010Kaiser Permanente Covered and General Population of Seniors in Northern California: Statistics from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey","author":"Gordon NP","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2011.1020.c\u2010a3\u201004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u20106\u2010172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010018\u20100064\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944\u2010016\u20100257\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131916664706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20108587(15)00033\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.Overview of alcohol consumption: moderate & binge drinking.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;2025. Published July 7 2020. Accessed January 14 2025.https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohol\u2010health\/overview\u2010alcohol\u2010consumption\/moderate\u2010binge\u2010drinking"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u20102012\u2010111385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.163998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532\u20105415.2010.02739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.8.1882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2018.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109149(98)00035\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu283"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.14575","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/alz.14575","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.14575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:45:31Z","timestamp":1789559131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.14575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.14575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.14575","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14575"}}