{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:14:26Z","timestamp":1789560866836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improved recognition of non\u2010cognitive presentations of dementia could reduce inequalities in dementia diagnosis, particularly if sociocultural factors influence help\u2010seeking for cognitive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nested case\u2010control study using electronic healthcare records from primary care practices in East London, United Kingdom, to assess associations between prediagnostic presentations to primary care and subsequent dementia diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 4137 individuals with a dementia diagnosis and 15,754 controls in the matched analysis. In addition to memory difficulties, a range of symptoms were more common in the decade before diagnosis, including depression, anxiety, use of antipsychotics, insomnia, constipation, incontinence, hypotension, hearing loss, imbalance, and dizziness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A range of non\u2010cognitive presentations are seen during the prodromal period of dementia in a diverse population. Improved recognition of these associations and their variation by ethnicity could increase access to dementia diagnosis through improved recognition of early features in people from different sociocultural backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Prediagnostic signs of dementia include cognitive and non\u2010cognitive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Psychiatric symptoms are common up to a decade prior to a dementia diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Autonomic prediagnostic symptoms are more common among South Asian groups.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The importance of prediagnostic symptoms of dementia varies by ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T08:51:20Z","timestamp":1741683080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Early presentations of dementia in a diverse population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2770-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Zabihi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University 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Life Sciences University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Birks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR School for Social Care Research University of York  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wilberforce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR School for Social Care Research University of York  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair J","family":"Noyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University of London  London 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