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Proinflammatory microRNA (miRNA) expression in parietal cortex was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found significant, region\u2010dependent elevations of translocator protein (TSPO) density in AD relative to cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in women but not men. Density of tau was increased in AD relative to CN and MCI in both sexes, but only women showed a significant positive correlation between tau and TSPO density. The expression of proinflammatory miRNAs was also significantly increased in AD versus CN or MCI women but not men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women are more susceptible than men to AD\/tau\u2010related neuroinflammation, supporting a sex\u2010specific re\u2010examination of the effects of neuroinflammation\u2010targeting interventions in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We show that neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is modulated by sex in a region\u2010specific manner.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Neuroinflammation was highest in the subiculum and significant only in women.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs) increased in the parietal cortex of women, but not men, with AD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Deposition of tau was highest in the entorhinal cortex and significant in both sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Density of tau and TSPO was positively and significantly correlated only in AD women.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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