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This study investigates dementia prevalence and the associated factors in Lesotho.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey in Lesotho included 1738 participants screened for dementia and potential associated factors with a focus on modifiable factors. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median age was 66 years, with 54.83% women. The prevalence of dementia was 4.89%. Those with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39\u201311.30), age \u2265 75 (aOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.42\u20135.04), and underweight (aOR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.23\u20134.29) had increased odds of dementia. Those with moderate (aOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17\u20130.58) to high (aOR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16\u20130.77) physical activity and obesity (aOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11\u20130.80) presented lower odds for dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a contemporary estimate of dementia prevalence in Lesotho, highlighting an association with modifiable factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>In Lesotho there is a probable dementia prevalence of 4.89%, aligning with regional estimates for Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Depression, older age, being underweight, and low physical activity were associated with increased odds of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Moderate to high physical activity and obesity were associated with lower dementia odds.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Further study of the association of dementia with potentially modifiable factors in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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