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Here, we tested the capability of blood markers to detect and discriminate variation in performance across multiple cognitive domains in a cognitively unimpaired sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0648, aged 69.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8, 71% female) underwent a comprehensive cognitive assessment and assays for plasma\u2010based biomarkers amyloid beta (A\u03b2)1\u201042\/1\u201040 by mass spectrometry, phosphorylated tau (p\u2010tau) 181 and 217, p\u2010tau217\/A\u03b21\u201042, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Greater p\u2010tau217 was exclusively associated with poorer episodic memory performance (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.11, SE\u00a0=\u00a00.04,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0.003), and remained so after covarying for NfL. Higher NfL was non\u2010specifically associated with poorer performance across a range of cognitive domains and remained so after covarying for p\u2010tau217.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood\u2010based biomarkers may differentiate non\u2010AD\u2010related versus AD\u2010related cognitive deficits. This characterization will be important for early intervention and disease monitoring for AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>There is heterogeneity in the causes of cognitive decline in aging.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>AD\u2010related blood biomarkers may help characterize these causes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Elevated p\u2010tau217 was exclusively associated with poorer episodic memory.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Elevated NfL was associated with poorer cognition in a broad range of domains.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Blood biomarkers may help differentiate AD\u2010 and non\u2010AD\u2010related cognitive deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T07:07:14Z","timestamp":1742454434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Blood biomarkers differentiate AD\u2010related versus non\u2010AD\u2010related cognitive deficits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3859-5017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey R.","family":"Sewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AdventHealth Research Institute Neuroscience  Orlando Florida USA"},{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing Health Futures Institute Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Oberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AdventHealth Research Institute Neuroscience  Orlando Florida USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medicine  White Plains New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Karikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Olvera\u2010Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport Sciences Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS) University of Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AdventHealth Research Institute Neuroscience  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill K.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Kueck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Kansas  Kansas City Kansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center  Kansas City Kansas 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