{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1789556617496,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing a rapid increase in its aging population, including people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dementia among PLHIV and people without HIV (POHIV) in Malawi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective medical record review of 400 consecutive patients from a single tertiary health center (200 PLHIV from an HIV clinic and 200 POHIV from an outpatient clinic) in Lilongwe, Malawi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall rate of dementia was higher in PLHIV than that in POHIV (22%\u00a0vs 10%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.4e). Older age, unknown employment or unemployed, and depression were significant risk factors for dementia for PLHIV, while older age and depression were significant among POHIV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study confirmed the increased risk of dementia in PLHIV and provides valuable groundwork for future dementia studies to accurately examine the prevalence and risk factors of dementia in SSA, including Malawi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Malawians, in SSA, face the double burden of HIV AD and related dementias.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective medical record review to assess dementia prevalence and risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Dementia prevalence was higher in PLHIV than in POHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Older age, unknown employment or unemployed, and depression were risk factors for dementia in PLHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Our findings, reflecting the current diagnosing and medical documenting practice in Malawi, provide valuable groundwork for future dementia research in Malawi.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n  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E.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Sik","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiwonge","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malawi Ministry of Health Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital  Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Maseke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Daeyang University  Lilongwe 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