{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:05:56Z","timestamp":1791468356625,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01 AG069016\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 AG069016\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aims to identify available cognitive assessments for Arabic\u2010speaking older adults and to assess their validity and performance. A comprehensive search was conducted using Medline, Embase, and APA PsycInfo up to November 2023, encompassing studies validating or using cognitive tools in Arabic for individuals aged \u2265 50. We identified 29 validation studies for 20 cognitive tools and 125 studies using cognitive tools. Three tools were validated in more than one study\/setting. Cut\u2010offs for dementia were validated for 16 tools (including two domain\u2010specific tools) and for cognitive impairment for three tools. The Mini\u2010Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were the most frequently validated and used tools. The results highlight a large need for improved psychometric data for cognitive assessments for Arabic\u2010speaking older adults and identify important gaps in knowledge regarding domain\u2010specific tools, the detection of cognitive changes, and the suitability of assessments across different settings and subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We reviewed the availability and properties of cognitive assessments in Arabic.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Psychometric data on cognitive tools for older Arabic\u2010speaking adults are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Only three tools are validated in more than one study\/setting.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Data are largely lacking for domain\u2010specific tools and early cognitive changes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The review identifies important methodology, reporting, and reproducibility issues.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:19:20Z","timestamp":1748305160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cognitive assessment tools for Arabic\u2010speaking older adults: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mayssan","family":"Kabalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josleen","family":"Al\u2010Barathie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola El","family":"Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Chehabeddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Khabsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Chaaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Mendes","family":"de Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Georgetown University School of Health  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"Elbejjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Alzheimer disease and other dementias.2013.https:\/\/www.medbox.org\/dl\/5e148832db60a2044c2d5489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health 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