{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:34:48Z","timestamp":1760056488218,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) is a low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL)\u2010like particle that has been associated with risk for vascular inflammation, atherogenesis, calcification, and thrombosis in the general population but is also a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective study of lipoprotein a, Lp(a), levels in adults with Down syndrome (DS) and at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lp(a) serum concentrations were collected from 96 adults as part of a routine clinical assessment. A comprehensive medical chart review was conducted, including clinical laboratory values that could contribute to cognitive dysfunction (e.g., thyroid function tests, C\u2010reactive protein(CRP), vitamin B12, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels). Generalized linear regression models were constructed to quantify the relationship between each medical condition or laboratory value and Lp(a) level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was insufficient evidence for an increased risk for earlier age of onset of AD in those with elevated Lp(a) plasma levels (\u226550\u00a0mg\/dL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with DS may have unique neuro\u2010 and cardio\u2010 protective factors\u00a0that deserve future investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) elevations in Down syndrome (DS) are not associated with higher risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Lp(a) elevations are not associated with typical vascular risk factors in DS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Distinct neuro\u2010 and cardio\u2010 protective factors may play a role in DS that may provide novel insights.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T23:14:46Z","timestamp":1749165286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lipoprotein(a) levels in Down syndrome: A conundrum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9360-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herminia Diana","family":"Rosas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Neuroimaging of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Mercaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Neuroimaging of Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/923289"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.7.487"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2530631"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.04.010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.0987"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2005.11.007"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1063"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.021"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179777"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.29.559"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000017226"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687907"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2012.93"},{"unstructured":"(NDSS) NDSS.Down Syndrome facts.2019. 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