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Differential abundance and ordinary least squares regression analyses were performed to find differentially abundant gut microbiome features and their associations with CSF biomarkers of AD and related pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut microbiome composition and function differed between individuals with and without AD dementia. The compositional difference was replicated in an independent cohort. Differentially abundant gut microbiome features were associated with CSF biomarkers of AD and related pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings enhance our understanding of alterations in gut microbial composition and function in AD, and suggest that gut microbes and their pathways are linked to AD pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Gut microbiome composition and function differ between people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Co\u2010occurring gut microbes show differential abundance across AD\u2010related groups (AD vs CU, amyloid status+ vs amyloid status\u2212, and apolipoprotein E (\n                            <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                            ) \u03b54 status+ vs\n                            <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                            \u03b54 status\u2212).\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Gut microbiome composition also differs between people with AD dementia and CU individuals in a larger validation cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Differentially abundant gut microbiome composition and function between AD and CU groups are correlated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for AD and related pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:36:42Z","timestamp":1751499402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gut microbiome compositional and functional features associate with Alzheimer's disease pathology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1202-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jea Woo","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lora A.","family":"Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Neurosciences Graduate Program University of California, San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margo B.","family":"Heston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda H.","family":"Dilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Labus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core (IBBC) at the Goodman\u2010Luskin Microbiome Center  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"G. 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