{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:36:56Z","timestamp":1785760616619,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging evidence suggests neuroprotective effects of bisphosphonates. We aim to investigate whether nitrogen\u2010containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) could reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified patients aged 60+ with osteoporosis or fragility fracture in 2005\u20132020 from a healthcare database in Hong Kong. Patients receiving NBPs were 1:1 matched with untreated patients and those receiving other anti\u2010osteoporosis medications (\u201cnon\u2010NBPs\u201d) by time\u2010dependent propensity score. Follow\u2010up was conducted until December 31, 2021. Cause\u2010specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 121,492 patients (NBP\u00a0=\u00a015,654, non\u2010NBP\u00a0=\u00a06331), we matched 10,833 pairs for NBPs\u2010vs\u2010untreated and 3080 pairs for NBPs\u2010vs\u2010non\u2010NBPs. NBP use was associated with a lower risk of ADRD compared to untreated (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.84, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.78\u20130.90) and non\u2010NBP (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.76, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.66\u20130.89).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NBP use was associated with a lower risk of dementia, suggesting further studies are warranted on its potential to improve cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Nitrogen\u2010containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>NBPs resulted in an absolute risk reduction of 0.007, 0.018, and 0.021 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The number needed to treat (NNT) with NBPs at 1, 3, and 5 years were 133, 56, and 48.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>There is potential for repurposing NBPs as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T03:49:07Z","timestamp":1753156147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bisphosphonates and the risk of dementia in patients with osteoporosis or fragility fracture: A population\u2010based study in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chor\u2010Wing","family":"Sing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy LKS Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong"},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D(2)4H)  Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koon\u2010Ho","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine School of Clinical Medicine University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick K. 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