{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:28:52Z","timestamp":1785929332153,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016337","name":"Department for the Economy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium has heterogeneous etiologies and clinical presentations and is often associated with poor outcomes. Its pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely hypothetical and without targeted pharmacological treatment. This work investigates subphenotypes of patients undergoing delirium assessment based on clinical features and fluid biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed latent class analysis of an observational cohort of older adults undergoing elective surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two classes were identified, both containing individuals experiencing delirium symptoms, with a higher number in Class 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Class 1 were older, less educated, and had more depression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). They performed worse in all pre\u2010operative cognitive assessments (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and had more markers of central nervous system damage: cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001); plasma phosphorylated tau (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.024); and amyloid beta 42\/40 ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Class 2 experienced more pain (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.006) and received more morphine equivalents (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.018).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium and neighboring phenotypes should be investigated thoroughly in the newly dawning era of precision medicine, to establish novel treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Latent class analysis identified two subphenotypes of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Both groups contained patients with delirium or its individual symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Groups differed by age, education, depression, independent living, and pain levels.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Groups differed by pre\u2010operative and post\u2010operative cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Groups differed by biomarker levels of neurodegeneration and neuronal injury.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T04:46:23Z","timestamp":1752727583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identifying subphenotypes of patients undergoing post\u2010operative delirium assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Margaret Louise","family":"Bowman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"},{"name":"Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"McAuley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"McGuinness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Passmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital Queen's University Belfast  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Beverland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outcomes Assessment Unit Musgrave Park Hospital  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Schott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Heslegrave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Veleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhiannon","family":"Laban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute University College London  London 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