{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T03:34:01Z","timestamp":1793849641283,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia risk is influenced by the social conditions in which people live. These social determinants of dementia (SDOD) are potential targets for prevention. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review to identify current evidence on SDOD in two stages: (1) review of systematic reviews on SDOD; and (2) review of primary literature to address identified gaps in the evidence base. Of the 3445 articles screened, 26 reviews and 74 primary studies were included. Evidence from reviews provide clear and consistent patterns for some SDOD (e.g., education, air pollution, socioeconomic status, ethnicity), while evidence for others is still emerging (e.g., housing quality\/stability), or lacking entirely (e.g., incarceration). SDOD are important over the life course. Additional evidence is needed for understudied domains and to unravel the complex interactions between determinants, whilst education and air pollution stand out as key targets for public health interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>There is clear and consistent evidence for some social determinants of dementia (SDOD) across diverse domains.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Evidence for other SDOD (e.g., housing, incarceration) is still emerging or lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Evidence for SDOD comes mainly from high\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The complex intercorrelations between SDODs demand a nuanced analytical approach.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Standardized measures and longer follow\u2010up to study SDOD are recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T08:35:03Z","timestamp":1753691703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Public Health University of Cambridge, Forvie Site  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Klee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics University Medical Centre Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther K.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program Sunnybrook Research Institute  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheena","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isla","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Public Health University of Cambridge, Forvie Site  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Siette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MARCS Institute for Brain Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University  Westmead NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Orgeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Care Research Centre University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Tamburin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria E. A.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Cognitive Neurology University Medical Center Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah\u2010Naomi","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Y. 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