{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:54:43Z","timestamp":1791633283354,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n We aimed to investigate early differences in sociodemographic factors before the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed dementia (AD\u00a0+\u00a0VaD).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Lifetime sociodemographic factors were collected from Statistics Finland for 1238 AD, 274 FTD, 343 VaD, and 402 AD\u00a0+\u00a0VaD patients with a diagnosis and visit at Kuopio and Oulu University Hospitals between January 2010 and December 2021. Comparisons were performed between dementia groups and matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n All patient groups showed decreased employment status compared to controls already 10 years prior to diagnosis. In particular, individuals with early\u2010onset FTD (EOFTD; 66.9%\u00a0vs. 77.6%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01) and early\u2010onset VaD (EOVaD; 49.0%\u00a0vs. 76.5%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.001) had significantly lower employment rates than controls. Similarly, 10 years prior to diagnosis the proportion of married individuals was lower in the VaD (60.1%\u00a0vs. 65.2%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) and EOVaD (50.0%\u00a0vs. 61.6%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) groups versus controls, while single status was more common in early\u2010onset AD (EOAD; 23.2%\u00a0vs. 17.0%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.01) versus controls. Patients with VaD and AD\u00a0+\u00a0VaD had lower levels of education than controls: basic education only in 51.9% of VaD (vs. 45.0%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) and 65.7% of AD\u00a0+\u00a0VaD (vs. 60.2%,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n Our findings may aid in the early recognition or potential risk factor evaluation for different types of dementia. Screening cognitive symptoms in individuals with unexplained long\u2010term unemployment may help detect prodromal dementia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Highlights<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Employment rates were already reduced 10 years before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The association between education level and dementia risk appears to be subtype specific.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Lower employment may serve as an early \u201csocial marker\u201d of subtle cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Social markers could help inform models predicting progression to cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T11:00:28Z","timestamp":1758711628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sociodemographic traits as early indicators of AD, FTD, and VaD up to 10 years before diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ave","family":"Kivisild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine\u2014Neurology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iina","family":"Rinnankoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Neurology University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Aaltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law School University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine\u2014Neurology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine\u2014Neurology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfina","family":"Lehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Neurology University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Neurology University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmi","family":"Soppela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine\u2014Neurology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tervonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Neurology University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Neurocenter Neurology Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijus","family":"Ervasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law School University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Hartikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro Center\u2014Neurology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annakaisa","family":"Haapasalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Katisko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine\u2014Neurology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine Neurology University of Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Neurocenter Neurology Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eino","family":"Solje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine\u2014Neurology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Neuro Center\u2014Neurology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Risk factors for young\u2010onset dementia in the UK biobank","author":"Hendriks S","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301213519252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301216668661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"621","article-title":"Difficulties with workplace support for a patient with frontotemporal dementia: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Kumai M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Med Case Rep 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