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pharmacoepidemiologic studies using two large\u2010scale real\u2010world databases. We fitted covariate\u2010adjusted Cox models to compare the risks of AD among initiators of GLP\u20101 receptor agonists, SGLT\u20102 inhibitors, and DPP\u20104 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified GLP\u20101 receptor agonist initiation compared to DPP\u20104 inhibitors initiation was associated with a reduced risk of AD (hazard ratio [HR] \u2264 0.69 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and SGLT\u20102 inhibitor initiation compared to DPP\u20104 inhibitor initiation was associated with a reduced risk of AD (HR \u2264 0.67 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 receptor agonist initiation and SGLT\u20102 inhibitor initiation are associated with a reduced risk of AD. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to validate the causal beneficial effects of GLP\u20101 receptor agonists and SGLT\u20102 inhibitors in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) receptor agonists are significantly associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (DPP\u20104) inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 (SGLT\u20102) inhibitors are significantly associated with a reduced risk of AD compared to dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (DPP\u20104) inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Two GLP\u20101 receptor agonists (liraglutide and semaglutide) and three SGLT\u20102 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin) are associated with a reduced risk of AD in drug\u2010specific sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T04:14:43Z","timestamp":1756872883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Real\u2010world observations of GLP\u20101 receptor agonists and SGLT\u20102 inhibitors as potential treatments for Alzheimer's 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