{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:14:36Z","timestamp":1788466476432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32\u2010HL\u2010083825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32\u2010HL\u2010083825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008333","name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008333","name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007249","name":"University of Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007241","name":"Kaiser Foundation Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007921","name":"University of Pittsburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1\u2010AG077474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1\u2010AG077474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined skeletal muscle adiposity (myosteatosis), a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, and 5\u2010year cognitive change in White and Black middle\u2010aged men (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01080; 41.9% Black) and women (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01432; 49.0% Black).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abdominal myosteatosis (intermuscular adipose tissue [IMAT, cubic centimeters]) was assessed by computed tomography at Year 25 (Y25). Cognition was assessed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST], Rey auditory verbal learning test [RAVLT], and Stroop test) at baseline and 5\u2010year longitudinal follow\u2010up (Y30). Multivariable linear regression assessed associations of IMAT with cognitive change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 5\u2010year change in all cognitive tests was significant: DSST of 2.8% (21.8), RAVLT 2.8% (17.5), and Stroop 6.5% (49.5). A greater Y25 IMAT predicted steeper decline in DSST (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u00a0=\u00a00.035), but not in Stroop or RAVLT. When stratified by race, a greater IMAT predicted DSST decline only among White participants (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.73,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.044).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abdominal myosteatosis may be a novel risk factor for psychomotor speed decline, especially in middle\u2010aged Whites, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Greater myosteatosis predicted slower cognitive processing speed in 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Greater myosteatosis in Whites, but not Blacks, resulted in cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Myosteatosis predicted cognitive decline beyond traditional dementia risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Ethnicity might modify links between myosteatosis and cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Abdominal CT scans may help identify middle\u2010aged adults at risk for dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>There is a critical need for more longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T07:38:37Z","timestamp":1764920317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Skeletal muscle adiposity and cognitive decline in a biracial cohort: Insights from coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-5170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianna I.","family":"Acevedo\u2010Font\u00e1nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Rosano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Yaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Jeffrey","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Barinas\u2010Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan K.","family":"Cvejkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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