{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:49:08Z","timestamp":1790034548329,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92025D00012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92025D00012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010HC\u201025195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010HC\u201025195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN269201500001I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN269201500001I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24AG074855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24AG074855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG068057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG068057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG059716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG059716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Evidence is needed to evaluate whether low vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      from mid\u2010 to late life, either alone or in the presence of elevated folate, is associated with cognitive decline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants from the Framingham Heart Study without baseline dementia who had \u2265 2 measures of a three\u2010component vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      indicator (3cB\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and neuropsychological factor scores were included (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01994; mean age: 60 years). Adjusted linear mixed effects models estimated annual changes in each factor score between 3cB\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      quartiles. Interaction by folate status was also evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants in the highest 3cB\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      quartile had slower declines in memory, executive function, and language compared to the lowest quartile (memory:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0071, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.003\u20130.01; executive function:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0056, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.0009\u20130.01; and language:\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0090, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.004\u20130.01). Findings were largely robust by folate status (elevated: \u2265 20\u00a0ng\/mL; non\u2010elevated: 6\u201319\u00a0ng\/mL).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Improving B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      status in dementia\u2010free older adults may help mitigate cognitive decline into later life.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Higher vitamin B\n                            <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                            status is associated with slower annual cognitive decline.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Higher B\n                            <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                            was linked with 0.05 to 0.09 standard deviation less cognitive decline over 10 years.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            B\n                            <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                            and memory findings are robust for elevated, not non\u2010elevated, folate status.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1761709187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Higher vitamin B\n                    <sub>12<\/sub>\n                    from mid\u2010 to late life is related to slower rates of cognitive decline"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9641-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca R.","family":"Marino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Framingham Heart Study Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences Rutgers University  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Selhub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Framingham Heart Study Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"CTE Center Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhabrata","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Saykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Hohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily H.","family":"Trittschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhoda","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"The Framingham Heart Study Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip H.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"The Framingham Heart Study Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(24)01296\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010200534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.116970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010220410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.13.1sup_98"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510220049033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.2.614s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010201096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000239727.59575.da"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm\u20102014\u20100818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.04394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010220685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010131265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603\u2010017\u20100979\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753\u20104887.1958.tb00605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091\u20107435(75)90037\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.101253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378\u20104347(87)80438\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610730490484380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Serum and Red Blood Cell Folate Concentrations for Assessing Folate Status in Populations: Vitamin and Mineral Nutritional Information System","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxs003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603\u2010020\u20101489\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.901956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1594103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2025.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000488326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MishraS StiermanB GahcheJJ PotischmanN.Dietary supplement use among adults: United States 2017\u20132018. NCHS Data Brief no 399.Hyattsville MD: National Center for Health Statistics;2021. doi:10.15620\/cdc:101131","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:101131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2023.109536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S183425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2020.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099\u20101166(200003)15:3<226::aid\u2010gps98>3.0.co;2\u2010k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.4.641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440\u20101614.2005.01713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.88.9.1337"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/alz.70864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T12:34:45Z","timestamp":1764160485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/alz.70864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/alz.70864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.70864","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70864"}}