{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:30:30Z","timestamp":1786113030251,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24AG077433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24AG077433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia prevention research has largely used educational attainment as a proxy for early\u2010life. Given the known influence of early\u2010life exposures on brain development, more attention to early\u2010life exposures is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We employ the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a nearly full life course cohort study, to examine the influence of prospectively measured early\u2010life risk factors for dementia in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find that early\u2010life risk factors that precede high school completion, rather than early adulthood post\u2010secondary schooling, exert influence on later\u2010life dementia. Household parental resources influence non\u2010Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not AD, dementia risk. In contrast, markers for adolescent cognitive reserve (cognitive and academic performance measures) influence AD dementia risk, in part, by modifying genetic risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using education as a proxy for early\u2010life exposures conceals specific mechanisms that influence distinct dementia etiologies and are separately intervenable. Education's influence may be confined to the early\u2010life and adolescent period, where brain development is especially malleable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Educational attainment is commonly used as a proxy for early\u2010life risk factors for dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Given known early\u2010life influences on brain development, more attention to the period is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early\u2010life parental income influences non\u2010AD dementia risk.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Early\u2010life cognition and academic performance influence AD dementia risk.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Using educational attainment as a proxy for early\u2010life exposures conceals separate intervenable risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:00:57Z","timestamp":1768478457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early\u2010life influences on the risk for later\u2010life Alzheimer's and non\u2010Alzheimer's dementia: A nearly full life course prospective cohort 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