{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:29:45Z","timestamp":1792718985943,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by inter\u2010individual heterogeneity in brain degeneration, limiting diagnostic and prognostic precision. We present a novel framework integrating Morphometric Inverse Divergence (MIND) networks with hierarchical Bayesian large\u2010scale population modeling to identify individual\u2010level neuroanatomical deviations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MIND networks quantify similarity between brain regions using multivariate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. A normative model of regional MIND values trained on UK Biobank (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a035,133) was applied to the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03,567). We examined brain deviations across clinical stages, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, mortality risk, and neuropathological burden.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Negative deviations (reduced MIND) stratified disease stages (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and were concentrated in specific functional networks in AD. Greater negative deviations characterized APOE \u03b54 homozygotes and correlated with\n                      <jats:italic>post mortem<\/jats:italic>\n                      neuropathological severity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.032). Spatially, deviation patterns were associated with maps of neurotransmitter receptor density.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population neuroimaging modeling enables individualized brain mapping with direct utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and understanding of biological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>MIND networks were systematically integrated with normative modeling in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Negative deviations stratify clinical stages and correlate with neuropathology.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Negative deviation count distinguishes APOE genotypes, highest in \u03b54 homozygotes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Deviations align with neurotransmitter maps.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Individual brain maps enable precision medicine approaches in dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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